Window Styles
Double-hung (most popular): Both sashes slide up and down. Easy to clean (tilt-in sashes). Traditional look. Cost: $200-$800 per window. Best for: most rooms, traditional homes.
Casement: Hinges on side, cranks open outward. Excellent seal when closed (most energy efficient). Good ventilation. Cost: $250-$900 per window. Best for: hard-to-reach areas, kitchens over sinks.
Sliding: One or both sashes slide horizontally. Good for wide openings. Cost: $200-$700 per window. Best for: contemporary homes, wide wall spaces.
Picture/fixed: Does not open. Maximum light and views. Most energy efficient (sealed). Cost: $150-$600 per window. Best for: living rooms, views, accent windows.
Awning: Hinges at top, opens outward from bottom. Can ventilate during light rain. Cost: $250-$800 per window. Best for: bathrooms, basements.
Bay/bow: Projects outward from wall. Creates extra interior space. Cost: $1,000-$4,000 per unit. Best for: living rooms, dining rooms, reading nooks.
Frame Materials
Vinyl: Most popular (65%+ of replacements). Cost: $200-$600 per window. No painting or staining. Good insulation. Limited color options. 20-40 year lifespan. Best value.
Wood: Premium natural beauty. Cost: $400-$1,500+ per window. Can be painted or stained any color. Best insulating frame material. Requires maintenance (paint every 5-10 years). 30-50+ year lifespan.
Fiberglass: Strongest frame material. Cost: $400-$1,000 per window. Paintable. Low expansion/contraction. 40-50+ year lifespan. Premium option.
Aluminum: Strong, thin profiles. Cost: $200-$600 per window. Poor insulator (conducts heat). Best for: contemporary/commercial look, warm climates. 20-30 year lifespan.
Composite (wood/PVC blend): Combines wood interior beauty with low-maintenance exterior. Cost: $350-$1,000 per window. No exterior painting needed. 30-40 year lifespan. Andersen and Marvin offer popular options.
Energy Efficiency
Glass options: Double-pane (standard): two glass layers with gas fill. Triple-pane: three layers (best insulation, highest cost). Low-E coating: reflects heat (keeps heat in during winter, out during summer). Argon gas fill: better insulator than air between panes. Krypton gas fill: even better insulation (premium cost).
Energy ratings to look for: U-factor: measures insulation (lower is better). 0.20-0.30 is excellent. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC): how much solar heat passes through. Lower in hot climates, higher in cold climates. ENERGY STAR: meets regional efficiency requirements.
Energy savings: Replacing single-pane with ENERGY STAR: save $126-$465/year. Replacing double-pane with ENERGY STAR: save $27-$111/year. ROI period: 5-15 years depending on climate and energy costs.
Cost
Per window (materials + installation): Vinyl double-hung: $300-$800. Vinyl casement: $350-$900. Wood double-hung: $600-$1,500. Fiberglass: $500-$1,200. Composite: $500-$1,200.
Whole house (10-15 windows): Budget vinyl: $3,000-$8,000. Mid-range vinyl: $5,000-$12,000. Premium (wood/fiberglass): $8,000-$20,000+.
Installation types: Insert replacement (into existing frame): $100-$300/window. Full-frame replacement (remove everything): $200-$500/window. New construction: $150-$400/window.
Additional costs: Trim/casing repair: $50-$200/window. Lead paint remediation (pre-1978 homes): $100-$500/window. Permit: $50-$200.