What is the proper rise and run for deck stairs?

Code typically requires a maximum riser height of 7-3/4 inches and a minimum tread depth of 10 inches. The ideal is around 7 inches rise and 11 inches run.

Do deck stairs need a railing?

Yes, stairs with four or more risers require a handrail, and stairs more than 30 inches above grade require a full guardrail on the open side.

How many stringers do I need?

Use a minimum of two stringers for stairs up to 36 inches wide, three for wider stairs. Add a stringer for every additional 16-18 inches of width.

How to Build Deck Stairs: Complete DIY Guide | Lumberama

intermediate

1 weekend (8-14 hours)

$200 - $800

How to Build Deck Stairs (2026)

Prepared by Lumberama's Building Projects Team

|Last updated May 26, 2026|Sources & methodology

Deck stairs are the bridge between your elevated deck and the yard below, and they must be built safely and to code. Proper stringer layout and consistent rise-and-run calculations are the keys to stairs that feel comfortable and meet building requirements. This guide walks you through building standard exterior deck stairs with three stringers and a landing pad.

Key Takeaways

Deck stairs are the bridge between your elevated deck and the yard below, and they must be built safely and to code.
Proper stringer layout and consistent rise-and-run calculations are the keys to stairs that feel comfortable and meet building requirements.
This guide walks you through building standard exterior deck stairs with three stringers and a landing pad.
Use three stringers instead of two for stairs wider than 36 inches — it prevents tread bounce.
Keep all risers within 3/8-inch of each other for code compliance and comfort.

Tools Needed

Circular saw, framing square with stair gauges, drill/driver, tape measure, level, string line, speed square, jigsaw (for finishing cuts), safety glasses

Materials List

2x12 pressure-treated stringer boards, 2x6 or 5/4x6 stair treads, stringer hangers, concrete landing pad, structural screws, carriage bolts, stair railing kit or lumber for custom railings, post bases

Recommended Species

Pressure-Treated Southern Yellow Pine, Composite decking for treads

Recommended Sizes

2x12x8 or 2x12x10 stringers, 2x6 or 5/4x6 treads, 4x4 railing posts, 2x4 rails

Pro Tips

Use three stringers instead of two for stairs wider than 36 inches — it prevents tread bounce. Keep all risers within 3/8-inch of each other for code compliance and comfort. Drop the bottom of the first stringer by the tread thickness so all steps feel equal. Attach stringers with proper metal hangers, not just toenailed screws.