NHLA (National Hardwood Lumber Association)
NHLA is the trade association that establishes and maintains the grading rules for hardwood lumber in North America. Founded in 1898, NHLA sets the standards for how hardwood is measured, graded, and traded. NHLA grades (FAS, Select, No. 1 Common, No. 2A Common) are the universal language of the hardwood lumber industry.
In-Depth Explanation
The National Hardwood Lumber Association has served as the standard-setting body for the hardwood industry for over 125 years. Its grading rules provide a consistent, objective framework that allows buyers and sellers to transact with confidence, even when they cannot personally inspect every board. NHLA grades are based on the percentage of clear (defect-free) cuttings that can be obtained from each board face, with higher grades yielding larger and more numerous clear pieces. FAS (Firsts and Seconds) is the highest standard grade, requiring boards to yield at least 83-1/3 percent clear face cuttings with minimum cutting sizes. Select is one face FAS and the other face No. 1 Common. No. 1 Common requires 66-2/3 percent clear face cuttings and is the most popular grade for furniture and cabinet manufacturing because it offers the best balance of quality and value. NHLA also trains and certifies lumber inspectors who can officially grade and resolve disputes. The organization publishes the Rules for the Measurement and Inspection of Hardwood and Cypress, which is the definitive reference for the industry. NHLA membership includes sawmills, distributors, manufacturers, and importers across North America.
Usage Example
The lumber buyer specified NHLA-graded No. 1 Common red oak, knowing the grade ensured at least 66-2/3 percent clear yield from each board.